Radioprotection and Environmental Monitoring
The programs of She monitors Concerning x-rays Environmental translated well the mission of “garantir the stock of the fuel nuclear about to generation of electric power , for certain , quality , responsibility social & environmental , transparency & self - adequacy economic , via the administration integrated , from diversification from line of products & from autonomy technological on manufacture.
Em actions inside of the company , were designed programs with the objective of collect continual & sistematicamente dice above the half environment relative the aerossol , water of rain , water of surface , water from the bodies hídricos neighbors , drinking water , ground water , milk , fish , sediment & dirt from the bodies d’água , soil & vegetable.
The results analytic from the matrices city-bred são appraised for detection of any changes environmental what the INB possa provoke on water , air biota & soil , guarantee what , as many the activities of mining , I eat the of character purely industry are being developed without a risk about to the worker , the community & the middle environment , obeying on the indexes established by Commission National of Nuclear energy CNEN ) & at IBAMA ( institute Brazilian environmental & from the Natural resources You renewed ).
Radioprotection
Radiological protection or Radioprotection has as a goal to avoid or reduce the malefic radiation effects to the human being either natural or from artificially produced sources.
These goals can be reached by applying what is called Three Principles of Radioprotection, prescribed in Radioprotection Basic Guidelines from CNEN:
Radioprotection Basic Principles:
- JUSTIFICATION PRINCIPLE
Any activity involving radiation or radiation exposure must be justified in relation to possible alternatives and produce a benefit to Society. This means that in case of the same result in the use of radioactive material as of a non radioactive material, the latter must be employed.
- OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLE
Once the use of radioactive material or radioactive sources are justified, it is applied the occupational radioprotection principle: when an installation project process or use radioactive materials or radioactive fonts, the planning about the use of these materials or fonts, as well as it respective operation, must guarantee that radioactive expose are lowest or when reasonably achievable. Optimization Principle is also known as ALARA Principle or As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
- INDIVIDUAL LIMITATION OF DOSE PRINCIPLE
The individual doses (quantity of radiation) of workers that use radioactive material and public individuals must not exceed the annual limits established by CNEN-NE-3.01 Rule – Radioprotection Basic Guidelines.
Environmental Monitoring
Are excellent the results obtained by the environmental monitoring programs measuring potential influences of INB activities on the quality of soil, air, river, lake and rain waters, besides systematically evaluating the region flora and fauna behavior.
INB - Resende
Control, through lab analysis, enabling the evaluation and prevention of possible environmental impacts to the region's environment from the activities at FCN - Components and Assembly and FCN -Conversion and UO2 Pellets. It is also a way to ensure that the release of liquid and gaseous effluents from these units is under control, complying with CNEN, FEEMA and CONAMA release standards.
How is it done?
The region's environment is controlled, through weekly, monthly, bi-annual and annual analyses, within a 20 km radius, from the INB property area that goes from the municipality of Areias (SP) to the municipality of Resende (RJ), with a total of 35 sampling points, 15 within the plant area and 20 in the surrounding areas.
During the pre-operational stage (2 years), a survey of the chemical and physical-chemical parameters of the environmental samples was performed.In the operational phase, the conventional and radiometric analysis are routinely performed, defining the natural radioactivity levels and assessing the contribution of these activities in this bottom radiation.
Samples are collected as frequently as established for each type of analysis and are subsequently analyzed in the Environmental Monitoring Laboratory.
Which are the parameters analyzed?
All the parameters analyzed with their relevant matrixes, the frequencies and respective locations, comprise facilities Environmental Monitoring Program , which release limits are set forth in the current standards.
Different parameters are analyzed in rain, drinkable, underground and surface waters.
Conventional Analyses:
How is it done?
The region's environment is controlled, through weekly, monthly, bi-annual and annual analyses, within a 20 km radius, from the INB property area that goes from the municipality of Areias (SP) to the municipality of Resende (RJ), with a total of 35 sampling points, 15 within the plant area and 20 in the surrounding areas.
During the pre-operational stage (2 years), a survey of the chemical and physical-chemical parameters of the environmental samples was performed.In the operational phase, the conventional and radiometric analysis are routinely performed, defining the natural radioactivity levels and assessing the contribution of these activities in this bottom radiation.
Samples are collected as frequently as established for each type of analysis and are subsequently analyzed in the Environmental Monitoring Laboratory.
Which are the parameters analyzed?
All the parameters analyzed with their relevant matrixes, the frequencies and respective locations, comprise facilities Environmental Monitoring Program , which release limits are set forth in the current standards.
Different parameters are analyzed in rain, drinkable, underground and surface waters.
Conventional Analyses:
Acidity, Alkalinity, Ammonia, Bicarbonate, Calcium, Carbonate, Chloride, Conductivity, Color, DBO, DQO, Hardness, Iron, Fluoride, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Nickel, Nitrate, dissolved Oxygen, pH, dissolved solids, total solids, Sulfate, Temperature and Zinc.
Radiometry Analysis:
Total uranium (Fluorimetry) -Alfa Spectrometry (U234, U235 and U238).
Fluoride, total uranium and its isotopes are analyzed in the air.
In milk, sediments and muds; in the soil and vegetables: fluoride, total uranium and its isotopes are analyzed.
Also, there are TLD (thermoluminescent dosimeters) installed in various points of the region integrating the environment gamma radiation doses (natural radiation) coming from the soil, the air, and cosmic radiation, as well as the contribution to the FCN bottom radiation.
Besides the above controls, FCN has a modern 60 m high tower, with several meteorology sensors. At 10m level, the wind direction and speed, relative humidity and temperature are measured, at 60 m level the wind direction and speed and temperature are measured. Atmospheric pressure, sun radiation and rainfall are measured at ground level. Atmospheric stability classes (Pasquill) are calculated in function of temperature gradient and sun radiation.
Meteorological data feed calculation models for the control of gaseous effluents.
Results:
The twenty-year history of environmental monitoring in the INB Resende region show that the Nuclear Fuel Factory activities have caused no alterations to the environment.
Radiometry Analysis:
Total uranium (Fluorimetry) -Alfa Spectrometry (U234, U235 and U238).
Fluoride, total uranium and its isotopes are analyzed in the air.
In milk, sediments and muds; in the soil and vegetables: fluoride, total uranium and its isotopes are analyzed.
Also, there are TLD (thermoluminescent dosimeters) installed in various points of the region integrating the environment gamma radiation doses (natural radiation) coming from the soil, the air, and cosmic radiation, as well as the contribution to the FCN bottom radiation.
Besides the above controls, FCN has a modern 60 m high tower, with several meteorology sensors. At 10m level, the wind direction and speed, relative humidity and temperature are measured, at 60 m level the wind direction and speed and temperature are measured. Atmospheric pressure, sun radiation and rainfall are measured at ground level. Atmospheric stability classes (Pasquill) are calculated in function of temperature gradient and sun radiation.
Meteorological data feed calculation models for the control of gaseous effluents.
Results:
The twenty-year history of environmental monitoring in the INB Resende region show that the Nuclear Fuel Factory activities have caused no alterations to the environment.
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